General CS Questions [StartupCTO]

Last Updated: 21 Nov 2020

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= General CS Questions =
== CS Concepts ==

 * What is a function? 
 * What's recursion? What's a recursive function?
 * What does it mean to pass something by reference? By value? What's a pointer?
 * What's a datatype? What are some common datatypes? What is static (or strong) typing vs. loose typing? Which one is better and why do you think so?
 * What's an exception? What are some reasons you might want to have an exception hierarchy?
 

== Object Oriented Concepts ==

 * What's an object? What's the difference between object oriented and procedural programming?
 * What's a constructor? Destructor? How are they typically used?
 * Explain public vs. private vs. protected.
 * What is inheritance?
 * What's an abstract class? What about an interface? What's the difference?
 * What does it mean to override a method? Advanced question: how can you prevent a method from being overridden (e.g. the keyword ''final'')?
 * What does it mean to overload a method? (Note that not all OO languages support overloading)
 * What's an instance method/property vs a class (or static) method/property?
 * What does it mean for a set of objects to be 'loosely coupled' vs. 'tightly coupled'? What are the advantages & disadvantages of each? 

== Data Structures ==

 * Explain the difference between a simple and complex data type. 
 * What's an associative array vs an indexed array? (note that not all languages have associative arrays)
 * Explain what a linked list is. Explain how it works, and how it is different than an array. Optional: write code to create one.
 * What's a stack? How's that different than a queue?
 

== Algorithms ==

 * What is depth first search vs. breadth first search? Write/describe an algorithm for each.
 * Ask about the various sorting algorithms, e.g. insertion sort, merge sort & quicksort
== Design Patterns ==

* Explain the following design patterns (any or all):
  * Abstract factory
  * Factory
  * Singleton (and Multiton; somewhat less common than Singleton)
  * Adapter or Wrapper
  * Bridge
  * MVC (Model/View/Controller)
  * Composite
  * Decorator
  * Facade (also Proxy)
  * Iterator
  * Observer and/or Publish/Subscribe
  * Strategy
  * Template method

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